Occipitocervical Fusion
What is Occipitocervical Fusion ?
Occipitocervical fusion is a surgical procedure that stabilizes the junction between the occipital bone (base of the skull) and the cervical spine (neck vertebrae). It is performed to treat instability, trauma, congenital abnormalities, degenerative diseases, infections, or tumors affecting this region.
Occipitocervical Fusion is a surgical procedure used to stabilize the junction between the occipital bone (base of the skull) and the cervical spine (neck vertebrae). This surgery is performed to treat conditions such as atlantoaxial instability, basilar invagination, fractures, tumors, infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and congenital abnormalities affecting the upper cervical spine. When the stability of this region is compromised, it can cause severe pain, neurological deficits, and even life-threatening complications.
During the procedure, screws, rods, and plates are used to secure the occiput to the upper cervical vertebrae (C1-C2 or lower). Bone grafts may be placed to promote fusion, ensuring long-term stability. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia, and the approach may vary based on the patient’s condition.
Recovery involves a hospital stay of 3 to 7 days, and patients may need to wear a neck brace for additional support. Physical therapy is often recommended to improve mobility and function. While occipitocervical fusion provides pain relief and spinal stability, it may limit head and neck movement permanently.
This procedure is crucial for patients with severe instability, as it prevents spinal cord compression and improves overall quality of life.
Indications for Surgery
- Atlantoaxial Instability – Excessive movement between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis – Can cause spinal instability.
- Basilar Invagination – The skull sinks into the spinal canal.
- Fractures or Trauma – Severe neck injuries.
- Tumors or Infections – Affecting bone stability.
Surgical Procedure
- Performed under general anesthesia.
- Screws, rods, or plates are used to fuse the skull to the upper cervical vertebrae.
- Bone grafts may be added to promote fusion.
Recovery & Outcome
- Hospital stay: 3–7 days.
- Neck brace may be required for support.
- Physical therapy helps regain mobility.
- Improves stability and reduces pain but may limit neck movement.